8 articles
ENSO forecasts steer decisions on kelp coasts months ahead. Here's how they're made, how far ahead they're skilled, and what they can't tell you.
Dr. Lena Fischer ·
How attribution science works for marine heatwaves — fraction of attributable risk, model counterfactuals, and what it means for baselines and reversal risk.
Dr. Lena Fischer ·
Marine heatwaves are spikes riding on a rising baseline of ocean warming. How scientists separate the two signals — and why the difference matters for reefs.
Dr. Lena Fischer ·
Both make headlines as warm water, but El Niño and marine heatwaves are different beasts. How they differ, how they interact, and what each does to kelp.
Dr. Lena Fischer ·
Seasonal ocean forecasts can now flag elevated marine heatwave risk months ahead — sometimes. Here's what skill exists, where it fails, and who uses it.
Dr. Lena Fischer ·
How much carbon does seaweed really lock away? A sober guide to the sequestration claims, the science behind them, and where the evidence actually lands.
Priya Raman ·
From the Blob to the record-breaking 2023–24 ocean, the last decade of marine heatwave records shows extremes growing — and kelp forests in the firing line.
Dr. Lena Fischer ·
Marine heatwaves are ranked Categories I–IV like cyclones — but the scale measures a temperature anomaly, not wind. Here's how the Hobday system works and how to read it.
Dr. Lena Fischer ·