4 articles
Off the Sahara's shoulder, the Canary Islands grow seaweed forests in upwelled water — until heatwaves and sea urchins turn them. An atlas of kelp's southern edge.
Dr. Theo Nakamura ·
Northern Spain's Cantabrian coast holds kelp at the shrinking warm edge of its European range — the continent's best-documented climate front line underwater.
Dr. Lena Fischer ·
Galicia's drowned river valleys mix upwelled Atlantic riches with a foraging culture older than Spain's seaweed industry. A guide to the rías and their kelp.
Sofia Andersson ·
A ría-by-ría field guide to Galicia's drowned southern estuaries — mussel rafts, sea-spaghetti kelps and the Cíes Islands, fed by one of the Atlantic's great upwellings.
Dr. Mara Ellison ·