#subtropical-reef

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Split over-under photograph at a Brazilian granite headland: golden cliffs and a white-sand cove above the waterline, and below, deep blue water fading down to a dim seabed where low dark kelp spreads across pale pink rhodolith gravel.

Arraial do Cabo: Brazil's Upwelling Kelp Outlier

On a headland east of Rio de Janeiro, wind-driven upwelling chills subtropical water enough for deep kelp beds — Brazil's strangest and most surprising forest.

Dr. Mara Ellison · September 26, 2026

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