3 articles
Ecosystem engineers are species that physically build or remodel habitats — kelp, corals, oysters, beavers. How the concept works and why it guides restoration.
Dr. Mara Ellison ·
Kelp doesn't just grow — it builds. As an ecosystem engineer, kelp reshapes light, flow, chemistry and shelter to create habitat for thousands of species.
Dr. Mara Ellison ·
The honest science of kelp farm ecosystem effects: shading, current modification, nutrient uptake, benthic change and wildlife — and where scale tips the balance.
Dr. Mara Ellison ·