Science10 min read
The AMOC Explained: The Atlantic's Overturning Engine
How the Atlantic's great overturning circulation works, what the observations say about its strength, and why its slowing matters for climate and coasts.
Dr. Lena Fischer ·
#climate
11 articles
Blue Carbon9 min read
Blue Carbon vs Green Carbon: What's the Difference?
Blue carbon and green carbon are both nature's climate workhorses — but they store carbon in different places, on different timescales, with different risks.
Priya Raman ·
Science9 min read
El Niño and La Niña Explained: The Pacific's Two Moods
How the ENSO cycle works — trade winds, thermocline tilt, warm pools and global teleconnections — and why the Pacific's mood swings reach every ocean.
Dr. Lena Fischer ·
Atlas10 min read
The Gulf of Alaska: A Thousand Leagues of Kelp Shore
From Southeast Alaska's fjords to the Aleutian storm line, the Gulf of Alaska holds one of Earth's largest kelp coasts — and the otters it was built around.
Dr. Lena Fischer ·
Science10 min read
Ocean Gyres: The Great Slow Wheels of the Sea
Five vast gyres turn like slow wheels in every ocean basin, shaping currents, climate and where plastic gathers. Here's how ocean gyres actually work.
Dr. Lena Fischer ·
Science11 min read
Sea Ice Explained: The Ocean's Frozen Skin
Sea ice forms, grows and melts on the ocean itself, reshaping light, salt and circulation. How it forms, why algae bloom under it, and what its retreat means for kelp.
Dr. Lena Fischer ·
Blue Carbon9 min read
How Kelp Stores Carbon: The Science, the Sinks, and the Open Questions
Kelp grows as fast as any forest on Earth, but where does its carbon actually go? The genuine science, the real sinks and the honest uncertainties.
Dr. Mara Ellison ·
Science8 min read
Why the Ocean Warms Slowly — and Cools Even More Slowly
Why the ocean warms so slowly: heat capacity, thermal inertia and deep mixing hide enormous heat. What the ocean's long lag means for kelp forests and coasts.
Dr. Lena Fischer ·
Science9 min read
Oxygen Minimum Zones: The Ocean's Expanding Breathless Layers
Oxygen minimum zones are vast, naturally breathless layers of the mid-water ocean. How they form, why warming expands them, and what that means for coasts.
Dr. Lena Fischer ·
Science9 min read
Thermohaline Circulation Explained: The Ocean's Global Conveyor
The global overturning circulation, driven by heat and salt, moves water, carbon and nutrients around the planet over centuries. How the conveyor works.
Dr. Lena Fischer ·
Science8 min read
What Is Upwelling? The Physics That Turns Wind into Food
A deep dive into upwelling physics: Ekman transport, the world's great upwelling systems, how scientists track them from space, and what climate change does.
Dr. Lena Fischer ·