5 articles
The honest science of kelp farm ecosystem effects: shading, current modification, nutrient uptake, benthic change and wildlife — and where scale tips the balance.
Dr. Mara Ellison ·
Most of the ocean's carbon never gets bitten by anything. Meet the microbial loop — the invisible recycling circuit that turns leaks and corpses back into food.
Dr. Mara Ellison ·
Between the kelp blades and the open ocean runs an invisible microbial economy: exudates out, nutrients back, viruses policing it all. A field guide.
Dr. Theo Nakamura ·
A practical layout and timing guide for mussel and oyster farmers adding kelp longlines — spacing, intercropping, nutrient balance, harvest sequence and the honest economics.
Naomi Reyes ·
Giant red sea cucumbers vacuum the kelp forest floor, recycle nutrients and buffer reef chemistry — and global fisheries show what happens when they're gone.
Naomi Reyes ·