12 articles
Food produced in sunlit surface water rains down to feed the seafloor, and the seafloor recycles nutrients back up. How benthic-pelagic coupling runs a kelp forest.
Dr. Mara Ellison ·
Beneath the surface tide runs a hidden one, pulsing cold nutrient-rich water onto reefs on a fortnightly beat. How the internal tide keeps kelp forests fed.
Dr. Lena Fischer ·
Internal waves arrive in packets of solitary giants, break underwater, and flood reefs with cold, nitrate-rich water. A field guide to the surf no one sees.
Dr. Lena Fischer ·
The ocean's biggest waves never break the surface. How internal waves ride the hidden boundary between water layers and deliver cold nutrients to kelp forests.
Dr. Lena Fischer ·
The ocean's mixed layer — its wind-stirred surface engine — sets how much light plankton see and when deep nutrients return. How mixed layer depth works and why it matters.
Dr. Lena Fischer ·
How nitrogen moves through coastal ecosystems — nitrate, ammonium, microbes and upwelling — and why the nitrogen cycle decides where kelp forests thrive.
Dr. Theo Nakamura ·
Rivers deliver iron, silica and nutrients that kelp need — and sediment, freshets and effluent that can bury them. How land–sea connectivity shapes kelp forests.
Dr. Lena Fischer ·
The ocean stacks itself into layers by temperature and density. Here's how stratification controls nutrients, productivity — and the fate of kelp forests.
Dr. Lena Fischer ·
Kelp canopies don't just slow water — they reorganise it. How canopy flow physics shapes turbulence, nutrient delivery and life inside a kelp forest.
Dr. Lena Fischer ·
Tides do more than raise and lower the shore. Where strong tidal currents rub against banks and sills, they stir deep nutrients up — and kelp coasts come alive.
Dr. Lena Fischer ·
A technical guide to culture media for kelp gametophytes and sporophytes — Provasoli, f/2, what each nutrient does, and how to mix, sterilise and dose it.
Dr. Theo Nakamura ·
A deep dive into upwelling physics: Ekman transport, the world's great upwelling systems, how scientists track them from space, and what climate change does.
Dr. Lena Fischer ·